{"id":367,"date":"2025-06-13T14:19:45","date_gmt":"2025-06-13T06:19:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dummy.xtemos.com\/woodmart2\/furniture2\/?p=367"},"modified":"2025-12-16T21:39:06","modified_gmt":"2025-12-16T13:39:06","slug":"designing-safer-circuits-how-to-select-the-ideal-efuse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lxbchip.com\/vi\/designing-safer-circuits-how-to-select-the-ideal-efuse\/","title":{"rendered":"Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n: C\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn eFuse l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ngay c\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00e2y kim lo\u1ea1i trong v\u1ecf th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111ang nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed th\u00f4ng minh (eFuses), mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u2013 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 d\u00f2ng, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ampe hay ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i miliampe. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u1ecfi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00e2y c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec b\u00ean trong s\u1ebd tan ch\u1ea3y, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec b\u1eb1ng tay. V\u1edbi eFuse, vi\u1ec7c ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, cho ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c reset \u2013 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

Xem c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a onsemi: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u00e2y trong c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1ea3i (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cn\u1ed5\u201d). Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, eFuses c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n c\u1eafm chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch eFuses \u201cn\u1ed5\u201d, c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111i qua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a eFuse, v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. V\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u2013 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n khi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 eFuses) \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xung quanh, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u201cthang nhi\u1ec7t\u201d n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n

\n
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H\u00ecnh 1: Thang nhi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed9t eFuse \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c xung ng\u1eafn s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i b\u00ean trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Trong nhi\u1ec1u eFuses (t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n dung nhi\u1ec7t), m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c xung c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 10 ms s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ecfa ra kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xung quanh ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) m\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p RDS(ON)\u00a0<\/sub>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a eFuse s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t (\u00baC\/W), nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1i \u0111a. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c xung d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra (v\u00e0 v\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb) tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec7t theo kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a xung.<\/p>\n

N\u00f3i chung, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xung ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 R.DS(ON)\u00a0<\/sub>K\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc die s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng cho c\u00e1c xung ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c xung d\u00e0i h\u01a1n (khi n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian lan truy\u1ec1n qua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb), b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e0y h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 mi\u1ebfng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1eebng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 PCB). Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c xung d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang eFuse cho m\u1ed9t \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00edch, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng theo th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 cho ra \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n theo th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb RDS(ON) v\u00e0 \u2206t (s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 die c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c).<\/p>\n

\n
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H\u00ecnh 2: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a eFuse<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

T\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong n\u00e0y, th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t xung cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m (Tj) nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed7i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Xem x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u00e0o d\u1eabn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111i qua eFuse. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u201cd\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian\u201d ho\u1eb7c I\u00b2t. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n danh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7u ch\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh n\u00e0y gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 d\u00e2y d\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n khi d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y, trong m\u1ed9t eFuse, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eaft m\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong, cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Even the humble fuse cannot escape progress as the simple wire-in-a-glass-cartridge approach is giving way to intelligent electronic fuses (eFuses)<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8660,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lxbchip.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/367","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lxbchip.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lxbchip.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lxbchip.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lxbchip.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=367"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.lxbchip.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/367\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8659,"href":"https:\/\/www.lxbchip.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/367\/revisions\/8659"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lxbchip.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8660"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lxbchip.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=367"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lxbchip.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=367"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lxbchip.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=367"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}